ABSTRACT
Aim: The study investigated the modulating roles of ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga (CF) for its antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, glycosylated hemoglobin effects and cytoarchitectural changes on pancreatic beta cells in alloxaninduced diabetic rats Study Design: Experimental diabetes using animal models. Methodology: Twenty- Five (25) male albino rats were randomly divided into five (5) experimental groups: control, diabetic, standard drug (glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body wt) and C. febrifuga (375 and 500 mg/kg bwt) treated diabetic groups The animals in four out of five groups were fasted for 18 h and were made diabetic by injecting with a single dose of alloxan (ALX) 150 mg/kg, Diabetic rats 5 per group received graded doses (375 and 500 mg/kg bwt) of the extracts and glibenclamide 10 mgkg-1 for 15days. Blood was collected on days 0, 5, 10 and 15 for glucose estimation. Lipid profile was measured using DiaSys Kits from Germany which utilized the colorimetric method. Insulin Assay was measured using Monobind Insulin Microplate Elisa test while HbA1C was analyzed by Biosystem Kits (Barcelona Kits, Spain) using chromatographic method. Twenty (20) male albino rats were randomly distributed to four groups; I, II, III and IV with each consisting of five animals received 20% (w/v) glucoseorally at a dose of 0.5ml /100 g bwt. After 30 min, the animals received extracts as follows: Group I, C. febrifuga (500 mg/kg bwt); Group II, C. febrifuga (250 mg/kg bwt); Group III, C. febrifuga (100 mg/kg bwt); Group IV, 0.5 ml (2% w/v) acacia solution and served as control. Blood glucose levels were then monitored at 30, 60, and 120 min. intervals and reported as the average glucose level of each group. Results: A significant reduction in postprandial sugar level was observed after 60min in all treatments. Diabetic rats without treatment showed significant increases (p<0.05) in the levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein LDL-cholesterol while the high density lipoprotein HDL-cholesterol level were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to normal rats. In addition, the diabetic rats treated with the CF and glibenclamide showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in blood glucose, TG and LDLcholesterol levels and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in HDL-cholesterol level compared to diabetic untreated rats. There were significant reductions (p0.05) in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and significant increase (p0.05) in the treated diabetic group compared to the negative control. Apart from these, cytoarchitectural changes also revealed the protective nature of the ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga against alloxan induced necrotic damage of pancreatic tissues. Conclusion: The ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga modulated hyperglycemic by potentiating insulin release from the beta cells of pancreas and ameliorated dyslipidaemia.
ABSTRACT
Palmaris longus (PL) muscle, although of little functional use to the human upper limb, assumes great importance when used as a donor tendon for transfer or transplant. The surgeon's awareness of the incidence in a population is therefore desirable. In the present study, 500 Medical students (242 males and 258 females) of ages 16 to 40 years from both College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba and Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja were examined for the presence or absence of the PL tendon, using the conventional (Schaffer's) test. The prevalence and pattern of PL agenesis was further analyzed statistically for differences in the prevalence or pattern of PL agenesis with regard to body side or sex. The prevalence of PL agenesis was found to be 12.6 percent (8 percent Unilateral and 4.6 percent Bilateral). Out of those with unilateral agenesis, 20 (4 percent) had left-sided agenesis and 20 (4 percent) had right-sided agenesis. Although female subjects had a prevalence of agenesis of PL tendon (Unilateral and Bilateral combined) of 36 out of 258, (13.95 percent) while in male subjects this prevalence was 23 out of 242 (9.5 percent). The prevalence of PL muscle agenesis in this study was found to be much higher than the reported average for blacks (2-3 percent).
El músculo palmar largo (PL), aunque de poco uso funcional en el miembro superior humano, asume gran importancia cuando se utiliza como un tendón donante para la transferencia o trasplante. El cirujano ha tomado conciencia que la incidencia en una población es por tanto deseable. En el presente estudio, 500 estudiantes de medicina (242 hombres y 258 mujeres) de 16 a 40 años, de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Lagos (Idi-Araba) y la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Estatal de Lagos (Ikeja) fueron examinados para evaluar la presencia o ausencia del tendón del PL, utilizando la prueba convencional (Schaffer's). La prevalencia y el patrón de agenesia del PL fueron determinados para analizar diferencias estadísticas en la prevalencia o patrón de agenesia del PL con respecto al lado del cuerpo o sexo. Se encontró una prevalencia de agenesia del PL de 12,6 por ciento (8 por ciento y 4,6 por ciento unilateral y bilateralmente). De los sujetos con agenesia unilateral, 20 (4 por ciento) eran en el lado izquierdo y 20 (4 por ciento) en el lado derecho. Las mujeres tuvieron una prevalencia de agenesia del tendón del PL (unilaterales y bilaterales combinadas) en 36 de 258 (13,95 por ciento), mientras que en los hombres esta prevalencia fue en 23 de 242 (9,5 por ciento). La prevalencia de agenesia del músculo PL en este estudio se encontró mucho más alto que el promedio reportado para los negros (2-3 por ciento).